Phonetics

 

PHONETICS

 

 

Field of Phonetics:  This is the study of speech sounds both the production of speech sounds by the human speech organs (articulatory phonetics) and the properties of the sounds themselves (acoustic phonetics). 

 

 

Part of The Phonetics

                   Phonetics has tree parts, namely:

1.      Articulatory Phonetics

Articulatory phonetics is interested in the movement of various parts of the vocal tract during speech. The vocal tract is the passages above the larynx where air passes in the production of speech. In simple terms which bit of the mouth moves when we make a sound.

 

2.      Acoustic Phonetics

This is the study of the sound waves made by the human vocal organs for communication and how the sounds are transmitted. The sound travels through from the speaker's mouth through the air to the hearer's ear, through the form of vibrations in the air. Phoneticians can use equipment like Oscillographs and Spectographs in order to analyse things like the frequency and duration of the sound waves produced. Acoustic phonetics also looks at how articulatory and auditory phonetics link to the acoustic properties.

 

The sounds of language are commonly described in articulatory and acoustic terms, and fall into two major types: syllabic sounds (vowels and syllabic liquids and nasals) and non-syllabic sounds (consonant and glides). Sounds may be voiced or voiceless and oral or nasal. Consonants are produced at various places of articulation: labial, dental, alveolar, alveopalatal, palatal, velar, uvular, glottal, and pharyngeal. At the places of articulation, the airstream is modified by different manners of articulation and the resulting sound are stops, fricatives, or affricatives. Vowels are produced with less drastic closure and are decsribed with reference to tongue position (high, low, back, and front). At last, language also shows suprasegmental phenoma such as tone, intonation, and stress.

Conclusion :

       There are many tools of human articulation and each of them has a different position and function in generating the sounds of language. However, there is an element that is not categorized as a human articulation, but has a very important role in generating the sound. The element is air and is the primary source of energy to produce sound. Vowel or consonant sounds is the sounds of language by tools of human articulation. All vowels are voiced sounds, consonants has a voiced sound and voiceless sound. Voiced and voiceless sound is related with condition of the vocal cords. Condition of the vocal cords (glottis) tightly closed when air out through it, then it will apply the vibration of the vocal cords and the resulting sound is the voice sounds. Conversely, if the vocal cords were stretched or open when the air through it, the vibration of the vocal cords do not apply, the resulting sound is voiceless sounds.

References

Baskaran, Loga Mahesan. 2005. A Linguistic Primer for Malaysian. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press.

http://www.baap.ac.uk/phonetics.html

https://sites.google.com/a/sheffield.ac.uk/all-about-linguistics/branches/phonetics/what-is-phonetics

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